Operators

Arithmetic

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition / string concat	3 + 2	5
-	Subtraction / unary negation	10 - 4	6
*	Multiplication / string repeat	"ab" * 3	"ababab"
/	Division (always float)	7 / 2	3.5
//	Integer (floor) division	7 // 2	3
%	Modulo	10 % 3	1
**	Exponentiation (right-associative)	2 ** 8	256

Compound assignment

Operator	Equivalent
x += n	x = x + n
x -= n	x = x - n
x *= n	x = x * n
x /= n	x = x / n

total = 0
total += 10
total *= 2
write(total)   # 20

Comparison

Operator	Description
==	Equal
!=	Not equal
<	Less than
>	Greater than
<=	Less than or equal
>=	Greater than or equal

Logical

Operator	Description
and	True if both operands are true
or	True if at least one operand is true
not	Negates a boolean

Membership

in tests whether a value is present in a list, string, or dictionary:

write(3 in [1, 2, 3])          # true
write("ell" in "hello")        # true
write("age" in {"age": 30})    # true
write(5 not in [1, 2, 3])      # true

In a for loop, in iterates over the collection. As an expression it is a membership test.

Null-coalescing (??)

Returns the left operand if it is not null, otherwise returns the right operand:

name: string? = null
display = name ?? "Anonymous"   # "Anonymous"

name = "Alice"
display = name ?? "Anonymous"   # "Alice"

Useful for providing safe defaults when a function may return null.

Ternary

result = "yes" if condition else "no"

Operator precedence

From highest to lowest:

**
* / // %
+ -
== != < > <= >=
not
in  not in
and
or
??  (null-coalescing)
ternary (if … else)