Control Flow¶

if / elif / else¶

x = 15

if x > 20 {
    write("big")
} elif x > 10 {
    write("medium")
} else {
    write("small")
}

elif and else are optional.
Braces { } are always required.

Ternary operator¶

A compact inline conditional that returns a value:

label = "big" if x > 10 else "small"
write(label)

Ternaries can be chained:

grade = "A" if score >= 90 else "B" if score >= 80 else "C"

while¶

i = 0
while i < 5 {
    write(i)
    i += 1
}

for — range loop¶

Iterates from start to end inclusive:

for i = 1 to 10 {
    write(i)
}

for — for-each loop¶

Iterates over lists, string characters, or dictionary keys:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits {
    write(fruit)
}

for ch in "hello" {
    write(ch)
}

for key in {"a": 1, "b": 2} {
    write(key)
}

switch¶

Compares a value against multiple cases. Each case can match multiple values.

switch x {
    case 1 { write("one") }
    case 2, 3 { write("two or three") }
    else { write("other") }
}

Cases are checked in order; only the first match runs.
else is optional and acts as the fallback.
The subject is compared with ==.

match¶

Like switch but is an expression — it returns a value.

label = match x {
    0 => "zero"
    1 => "one"
    2, 3 => "two or three"
    _ => "many"
}

_ is the wildcard — matches anything and must be last.
Each arm is pattern => expression.
Multiple patterns per arm: 2, 3 => "two or three".

break / continue / pass¶

for i = 1 to 10 {
    if i == 5 { break }       # exit the loop
    if i == 3 { continue }    # skip to next iteration
    write(i)
}

if true {
    pass    # no-op placeholder
}